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Botanical Name :Aegle
marmelos
Sanskrit name :
Bilva
English Name :
Bael Tree
Family : Rutaceae
Plant Parts Used :
Fruit, Leaf
Description of
Aegle marmelos:
It is found in India, Burma, and Sri Lanka, often planted in the
vicinity of Shiva temples. It grows wild all over the sub-Himalayan
forests, central India and its west coast and in dry hilly places
ascending to 4,000 ft. high.
It is a medium to large sized deciduous, glabrous and armed tree with
axillary and 2.5 cm long spines. Leaves alternate, 3-5 foliate, leaflets
are ovate to lanceolate, crenate, acuminate, membranous and petiololed.
Flowers in short axillary panicles, large and scented. Calyx pubescent
and four lobed. Petals 4, white and gland dotted. Stamens many. Ovary
ovoid, cells 10-20, ovules many, fruit globose, grey or yellowish, rind
woody. Seeds many, oblong, compressed, embedded in reddish yellow
coloured sweet pulp
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Principal Constituents:
Aegelin, formerly identified as sterol but clarified as a neutral
alkaloid, rutacine, g- sitosterol, aegelemine and aegeline were
identified from the leaves. Marmin, marmesin, umbelliferine,
skimmianine were identified from the bark and roots. A major
constituent of the fruit is the mucilage and marmelosin (0.5 %) a
coumarin, in addition to the minor constituents like reducing sugar,
essential oils, ascorbic acid and various minerals
Pharmacology:
Alcoholic and aqueous extracts of the leaves have similar effect as
digoxin in amplitude and contractions of the frog's heart. Alcoholic
extract of the roots and fruits showed hypoglycaemic activity in albino
rats and fruit extract has antiviral activity against Ranikhet disease
virus. Marmelosin has authelmintic activity against ankylistomiasis
Indications:
The roots are astringent, bitter and febrifuge. They are useful in
diarrhoea, dysentery, dyspepsia, stomachalgia, cardiopalmus, seminal
weakness, vomiting, intermittent fever and swellings. The leaves are
useful as laxative, febrifuge and expectorant, also in ophthalmia,
deafness, inflammations, catarrh, diabetes and asthmatic complaints. The
fruits are useful in diarrhoea, dysentery, stomachalgia, and good for
heart and brain.
Herbal Extract packing:
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